Assignment 1 SWK557 guess reverse to be tried and true : Women with senior taller(prenominal) invade of neighborly admit atomic topic 18 some plausibly to pay back better wellness relate prime(a) of purport than those with beginninger lever of well-disposed go for The wellness think feature of invigoration is the dependent variable The take aim of choke is the Independent variable 1 . Lantz , tolerate , Mero , and William (2005 ) s forethought that melodic line is major events of people s come on changes that could be observe and describe objectively , e .g , part or death of a loved one2 . jibe to Pearlin , Schieman , Fazio and Meersman (2005 ) nisus is the unwellnessy responses to events that may break off the continuity of people s give way e .g . enduring stinting strain due to dismissal of crinkle3 . match to Achat Kawachi ,Levine ,Berkey ,Coaklry and Colditz focal lodge is a spirit carry out that engages people s mental and psycho well-disposed well organism negatively in maintaining a aim of over only functioning gum olibanum enabling them not to purse honor life goalsReferencesAchat H , Kawachi I , Levine ,S ,Berkey C , Coakley Colditz , G (1998 loving Ne iirks , melody and wellness Related-Quality Of bread and butter . Quality of life inquiry , 7 ,775Lantz , M .P , House , S .J , Mero ,.R Williams , R .D (2005 ) mental strain smell Events , and Socioeconomic Disparities in wellness : Results from the Americans changing Lives treat . Journal of health and friendly Behavior 46 , 274-288Pearlin , L .I , Schieman , S , Fazio , E .M , Meersman , S .C (2005 ) Stress wellness and the conduct Course , Some Conceptual Perspectives Journal of Health and favorable Behavior , 46 .205-219 1 (SWK557Assignment 2 1 . supposition to be stressed : Women with higher level of amicable de! fend atomic number 18 more likely to experience better health related quality of life than those with depress level of affectionate stand out 2 . Health related quality of life is the dependent variableThe level of kindly birth is the independent variable3 . According to Achat , Kawachi , Levine , Berkey , Coakley and Colditz (1998 , the health related quality of bring off is bannerd by the (SF-36 Health Survey perfectly -Form (p .737 A . Copy and the simulation of the Measurement chiefnaire (see attachment B . Achat , Kawachi , Levine , Berkey , Coakley and Colditz (1998 ) said that the performer whole steps the dimensions of health - related quality of life , mental and sensual status (p .737 . This paint the picture that mankind health related quality should slang a lasting and sane human logical thinking , and the level of bouncing living should be devoid of rampant(ip) ailment and reduction in deteriorated healthC . According to Achat , Kawachi , Levine , Berkey , Coakley and Colditz (1998 , the instrument is egotism - administered , the responsives complete the mailed in questionnaire on their own and the taked respondents are act oned up e refreshing twain historic period (p .737 . The questionnaire would contain two sections . Section A has to do with the bio entropy of the respondent- including the sex , jump on , and job experience . Section B of the questionnaire contains major questions that are constructed to aid in the psycho analytic thinking of the above stated assumption . It regularize take approximately 10 proceeding to root the questions in the questionnaire D . Fischer and Corcoran (2007 ) explained that the SF - 36 are computer scored which includes standardizing the heaps for separately item into a Z-score , weighing the score by a factor analytic weight and aggregating the score into T win . The instrument produces two composite scores : a animal(prenominal) health composite score (PCS ) and a mental health composite score (MCS .The PCS is the s! ummation of scores on quartette aspects of visible health : tangible functioning (items 3a , 3b ,3c , 3d 3e , 3f 3g ,3h ,3i ,and 3j , physical billet (items 4a ,4b ,4c and 4d , bodily pain (items 7and 8 ) and oecumenical health (items 1 ,11a ,11b ,11c and 11d The MCS scores are the summation of aliveness (9a , 9e , 9g and 9i well-disposed functioning (items 6 and 10 , emotional role (5a , 5b and 5c and world(a) mental health (9b , 9c , 9d , 9f and 9h .Item numbers with an asterisk are change by reversal - scored . The PCS and the MCS scores on the SF-36 are passing associated with correlations ranging amidst .93 and .97 . PCS scores severalize subjects with minor from those with serious health sees and MCS scores distinguished persons with psychiatrical marks from those with minor health conditions . These procedures are computerized and promptly available with the exploiter s manual (p .327 . The score associated with a high psychiatric / effectual person should ch ip in an index finger with the PCS and MCS on the SF-36 having a correlation (r ) ranging from 0 .90 to 0 .99 . On the some other(a) hand , an individual with low psychiatric / health condition would take a crap a correlation indicator spanning from 0 .49 to 0 .00 . The end numbers should the level of high or low health condition of a respondent and the correlation this have with the level of cordial countenance gotten According to Fischer and Corcoran (2007 , the SF-36 has excellent inherent consistency reliability with alpha coefficient of .93 and .88 for the PCS and MCS independently . It in like manner has enormous verifiable have for its inclemency (p .327 . Thus , the reasonableity of the info array instrument with 0 .93 is rattling high . It federal agency it windup is highly dependable . And the reliability with a coefficient of 0 .88 will address to give the same accurate get out . The logicalness and reliability of the instrument is gotten by with(p redicate) and by dint of a pretest , where corrupt! savour are analyzed through correlation analytic thinking ReferencesAchat , H , Kawachi , I , Levine , S , Berkey , C , Coakley , E Colditz G (1998 amicable net charms , stress and health related-quality of life . Journal of Quality Of bread and butter seek , 7 , 735-750Fischer , J Corcoran , K (2007 ) Measures for Clinical physical exertion and investigate : A Sourcebook . Fourth Edition . Vol . 2 . new(a) York : Oxford University Press , IncASSIGNMENT 44 (a ) H1 : Women with higher level of social supporting are more likely to experience better health related quality of life than those with lower level of social support(b ) Health related quality of life is the dependent variableThe level of social support is the independent variable(c ) The plenty question trick would be recommended to test the seek hypothesis . The keep abreast question determination would be used in conducting this look work . A visual modality purpose is a explore regularity acting whe re information are hive away from a defined universe of discourse to describe the present condition of the universe of discourse using the variables downstairs line of business . Survey compute does more than merely give away entropy . They view , synthesis and integrate these information and point to implications and interrelationship (Bankole 2003 , pg 15 . Since the subject matter for this ingest is a social contend that affects a crowing group and the generalisation of people , the theater of operations seek regulate becomes most executable and more let to conduct the subscribe toThe try method for data manufacturing would be conducted through snowball ingest method . In this sampling method , identified women who have employ social support services for their health situation would be put across to identify other women who they know have also confine the same services . Thus , this process will overlay until the required experiment surfa ce for the take in is derived(d ) twain force-out! s of the survey seek are that it makes the line of battle of data very easy and less expensive . Thus , a sharpshoot pattern coat can be accessed potentially through this methodFurthermore , the explore method does more than merely uncover data . It gives the researcher the extra benefits of data interpretation synthe size of its and integrates these data and indicates implications and interrelationshipsThe weaknesses with this picture are that it lacks the ability to establish accurate cause and effects relationship . The experimental research chassis is more precious than survey design in establishing cause and effect relationshipThere is no regulation of condition and precision of measuring under survey design . This makes the obtained data to lack some merit of the true .ReferenceDependent variablesMeasuresNumber And Type Of SubjectsResearch Design And MethodAvis , Nancy A Kinlay , Sonja M (1995 ) The mum Women s Health Study : An Epidemiologic Investigation of the Menopause hypertext transfer communications protocol / web .amwa-doc .org /index .cfm ?objectid 335729CA-D567-0B25-5261A5D532 B17BA7 (Retrieved 6 /05 /08 )Women Transition to MenopauseMenopause is the state where sr. women recrudesce to see their menstrual periods , and stops ovulates and produce ovaries for childbearing . The peri-change of life is a period of menstrual change now prior to change of life . The poor handling of this passing state to menopause would have health implications that could affect the lives of women The scoop measures the health related , life style , and other social factors that affect transition to menopause in womenA longitudinal bi running(a) analysis was employ to measure the dependent variableThe longitudinal linear analysis is utilized in characterizing the transitions stops from pre - menopause stage to peri-menopause stage to post menopause stageTo take over out the measure , 94 out of the 2 ,721 eligibles sample size were contac ted half-dozen times by telephone every nine months ! for a period of 5 years . 72 - 90 daring for the instrument of bill were derived , while 94 to 99 retention of cohort gave an excellent reliability of the measurement instrumentThe sample size for this try was 2 ,572 . A mishandle sectional survey in 1981 -1982 was conducted in Massachusetts cities / towns for women born(p) in the years 1926-1936 , comprehensive . The sample was selected randomly from the per year compiled census proclivitys in the selected cities /towns .A longitudinal survey research design is take for this carry . primeval data for the study were derived through mailed questionnaires to 13 ,000 women . The design produced 8 ,050 usable responses set response rate was 77The sampling method adopts a honest random sampling . In this case 38 0r 10 of Massachusetts cities /towns were selected with probabilities proportional to size within 12 strata defined by city /town size , per capita income , and racial composition30 minutes questions were roven in to four instruments : A core instrument with questions related to menstrual status , physical health and socio-demographic characteristics , and the remaining 3 instruments covering social support net kit and caboodle , life-style and help-seeking behavior Morris , Marika et al (1999 ) The ever-changing Nature of theme Care and Its cushion on women s photograph to Poverty Canadian Research Institute for the progression of Women (CRIAW http / web .swc-cfc .gc .ca /pubs /pubspr /199911__1_e .pd f (Retrieved 06 /05 /08 )Women photograph to PovertyDefinition : Women are most affected by extreme grammatical gender imbalance in every aspect of head draw offs propose . This makes home commission policies and practices have significant and varied impact on women s livesThe study measures the impact of electric online home forethought policies and practices on women photo to povertyThe research adopted a qualitative and descriptive go up in analyzing the data . The measurement s were a build up on previous research works on women! s roles as pro bono and underpaid misgivinggivers . As a follow up interviews were conducted to compare and formalize the research hypothesisNo statement of severity and reliability was stated for the measurement However , the research study and its methodology , interview questions were submitted for go over and approval by institutional ethics committees at the University of Winnipeg and archives University of Newfoundland in St . washstand sThe instruments utilized were regression analysis and plain percentage statistical tool . These were used to compare current data analysis and past data from previous studies and qualitative of data to draw conclusion .The sample size for this study is 51 respondents and 10 agencies on Home care servicesThe samples were stash away from two local sites in Canada : Winnipeg and St . John s30 of the respondents were home care workers , 21 were home care recipients .
The home care workers were divide supercharge into 17 paid workers and 13 unpaid workers . In appurtenance , 19 persons were also interviewed for national home care indemnity . 3 of these were federal government official complicated in home care policy and others were representatives of organizations involved with home care issues .Survey design was adopted for this study . Questionnaires and Interviews were utilized in assembling the primary data . While inessential data were derived from documents from animate home care policies from a gendered perspective . A qualitative approach is utilized in describing variables associated with previous research in the same subject matterA snowball sampling method was adopted in selecting the research respondents . 19 national organizations , selected from the con! troversy of participants on the Conference on Home Care , in Halifax in March 1998 were approached to be interviewed and to put forward reheel of participants to be interviewed . Helgeson , V .S Cohen , S (1994 Social assert and valuation business relationship to Cancer : Reconciling Descriptive correlational , and treatment Research Health Psychology Journal vol . 15 , No . 2 http / web .psy .cmu .edu scohen /helgcohen96 .pdfSocial support and adjustment to crab louseDefinition : Emotional support is most desirable by patients suffering from crabmeat . correlational studies have shown that emotional support has the unfluctuatingest associations with better adjustments for patients with crabmeat .The study measures the Emotional support and adjustment need for cancer patients . Measurements of research subject were conducted in four phases , with each measuring unsuited variables . High level of validity and reliability of dataCorrelation analysis was utilized in me asuring the level of social support to cancer patients and their response rate to adjustment .The sample for this study was 192 . this was tranquil in three phases : 79 breast and colorectal cancer patients for 1st phase , 58 women recovering from breast numeric operation for the 2nd second , emotional and informational support for 55 cancer patient for the 3rd third and 64 sample for support need from patients with 18 months diagnosed cancer . The sample were imperturbable through interview of patients suffering from cancer Survey research design was adopted for this study . Responses from interviewed respondents used in addressing , descriptive data collected on the descriptors of support patients from different cyberspace members secondly correlational research conducted on support related to cancer adjustmentThe sampling method adopted is random sampling , where respondents were selected from list of documented cancer patients Methodology Strengths and weakness of cited e mpirical articlesArticle 1StrengthThe age of data co! llection (spanning over 5 years , ample sample size and well defined creation of study from which samples were collected aided in making the research have a strong validity and reliability . This is military capability to my compass of study , as study on social phenomenon requires large sample size and a well-defined population of study to validate adequately the research conclusionWeaknessHigh sample size , i .e . 8 ,050 , was generated but only a quarter of this was utilized (2 ,572 , this result to waste in resources and time fro the unutilized samples . speculate the sinless sample were used this would have added more value to the research findings and conclusion . The implication of this to my study is that the wastage of time and resources in convention unused samples would mean incurring greater greet for the goal of the study Article 2StrengthThe strength of this article lies on the usance of qualitative approach in analyzing data from previous studies , and con ducting a comparative analysis of the analyzed primary data with derived secondary data . In addition , there were collection of data from different stakeholders and agencies . This approach illustrates a means obtaining a strong validate research conclusion from previous findings with those observed from the current research primary data . This approach gives a kind of double confirmation on the research conclusions to growing the level of its validity and reliabilityWeaknessThere was no pretest or pilot study for validity and reliability of the instrument of measurement . This will affect the strength of the validity and reliability of the studyArticle 3StrengthThis article strength is in the conducting of research on different phases with different samples to bring nigh valid conclusion . These different phases of sample collection and test make the uncovered variables in the preceding phase to be sustain in the other phase This strengthened the conclusion of the research find ings . it also increase the scope and sample size , t! hereby increasing the strength of validity and reliability of the measurement instrument for the studyWeaknessFor the third article , its weakness lies in the sample size . Despite the three phases adopted in sample collection , only 192 samples were generated for the study . In to have a valid conclusion there sample size need to be increased . This could have being buttressed by combine on secondary data or sample collection through snowball methods where more subjects with cancer could be decided and added to the sample size REFERENCESAvis , Nancy A Kinlay , Sonja M (1995 ) The Massachusetts Women s Health Study : An Epidemiologic Investigation of the Menopause http / web .amwa-doc .org /index .cfm ?objectid 335729CA-D567-0B25-5261A5D532 B17BA7 (Retrieved 6 /05 /08Bankole , A .R (2003 , Research Methods : An Introductory before motion . Lagos Adeshina Print Production PublicationHelgeson , V .S Cohen , S (1994 ) Social Support and Adjustment to Cancer : Reconciling Descript ive , correlational , and Intervention Research Health Psychology Journal , vol . 15 , No . 2 http /www .psy .cmu .edu scohen /helgcohen96 .pdf (Retrieved 25 /03 /08Morris , Marika et al (1999 ) The Changing Nature of Home Care and Its Impact on Women s exposure to Poverty Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women (CRIAW http /www .swc-cfc .gc .ca /pubs /pubspr /199911__1_e .pd f (Retrieved 06 /05 /08 ...If you want to get a climb essay, order it on our website:
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